CentOS7环境下安装oracle数据库

一、配置yum源

  1. 跳转到/etc/yum.repos.d (cd /etc/yum.repos.d)
  2. 下载载oracle yum源
wget http://yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol7.repo
  1. 下载阿里yum源
 curl -o base.repo  http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
   curl -o epel.repo  http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo

二、下载oracle秘钥

wget https://yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol7 -O /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle

三、Oracle安装环境准备

输入yum list | grep oracle 可以看到有

oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall.x86\_64

安装先导文件

yum -y install oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall

安装补丁文件

yum -y install elfutils-libelf-devel

四、关闭selinux和防火墙

__ 不建议关闭selinux和防火墙__

  防火墙开放端口:

 firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1521/tcp --permanent

  关闭防火墙:

systemctl stop firewalld.service

  关闭selinux:

跳转到selinux文件夹下 cd /etc/selinux

vim config

修改SELINUX=enforcing为SELINUX=disabled

五、配置中文字体

zysong.ttf 下载

  新建文件夹

mkdir -p /usr/share/fonts/zh_CN/TrueType

将中文字体文件上传到该文件夹下,若已上传到服务器上可以执行

cp zysong.ttf /usr/share/fonts/zh\_CN/TrueType

将文件复制到指定文件夹下

运行指令 xhost
运行指令 xhost +

 [root@localhost ~\]# xhost
	access control enabled, only authorized clients can connect
	SI:localuser:root
[root@localhost ~\]# xhost +
	access control disabled, clients can connect from any host

六、修改Oracle账户密码

执行命令

cat /etc/passwd

可以看到 最下面有个

oracle:x:54321:54321::/home/oracle:/bin/bash

修改oracle 密码

passwd oracle

七、上传数据库安装文件

 在根目录下,新建文件夹oracle,将解压后的oracle安装文件上传到该文件夹下。

八、分配权限

执行命令:

chmod -R 777 /oracle

九、安装数据库

切换到oracle账号,并跳转到安装文件目录下,运行 runInstaller 文件 (./runInstaller)
进入oracle安装程序。

其中在检查环境中,遇到依赖包没有检测到,可以依次用命令
yum list | grep 缺失的依赖包,
Yum install 确实的依赖包,进行安装,当全部都安装好后,可以忽略这一项,直接下一步

其中可能会遇到错误 ins_emagent.mk
修改文件,将红色部分添加上去

 vim ins_emagent.mk
#===========================
#  emdctl
#===========================

$(SYSMANBIN)emdctl:
        $(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL) -lnnz11

十、配置环境变量

配置环境变量 .base_profile 隐藏文件(这个是oracle账号的环境变量)

vim /home/oracle/.base_profile

添加以下文本

export ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/app/oracle; 
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1; 
export ORACLE_SID=orcl; 
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH;

十一、设置数据库自启

  1. 修改oratab文件以root身份进入系统,通过vi命令打开文件vi /etc/oratab进入vi编辑器后,找到
“orcl:/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1:N”,改为“orcl:/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1:Y”。修改完成后,保存退出vi
# This file is used by ORACLE utilities.  It is created by root.sh
# and updated by the Database Configuration Assistant when creating
# a database.

# A colon, ':', is used as the field terminator.  A new line terminates
# the entry.  Lines beginning with a pound sign, '#', are comments.
#
# Entries are of the form:
#   $ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME:<N|Y>:
#
# The first and second fields are the system identifier and home
# directory of the database respectively.  The third filed indicates
# to the dbstart utility that the database should , "Y", or should not,
# "N", be brought up at system boot time.
#
# Multiple entries with the same $ORACLE_SID are not allowed.
#
#
#orcl11g:/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1:N
orcl11g:/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1:Y

键入命令“vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local”
在vi编辑器中,添加:

# The this to bring down Oracle Net Listener  
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1  
# 将此处的 ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1 修改为   
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME  
if [ ! $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER ] ; then  
echo "ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER is not SET, unable to auto-stop Oracle Net Listener"  
echo "Usage: $0 ORACLE_HOME"  
else  
LOG=$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/listener.log  

  注:其中/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 为ORACLE_HOME

  1. oracle启动绑定监听器
    修改dbstart和dbshut启动关闭脚本,使其启动数据库的同时也自动启动监听器(即启动数据库时启动监听器,停止数据库时停止监听器):
vim /oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/dbstart

找到下面的代码,在实际脚本代码的同样也修改dbshut脚本:

vim /oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/dbshut
# The this to bring down Oracle Net Listener  
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1 #将此处的 ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1 修改为   
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME  
if [ ! $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER ] ; then  
echo "ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER is not SET, unable to auto-stop Oracle Net Listener"  
echo "Usage: $0 ORACLE_HOME"  
else  
LOG=$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/listener.log  
  1. 新建Oracle服务启动脚本
    vim /etc/init.d/oracle
    新建一个以oracle命名的文件,并将以下脚本代码复制到文件里
#!/bin/sh
# chkconfig: 345 61 61
# description: Oracle 11g R2 AutoRun Servimces
# /etc/init.d/oracle
#
# Run-level Startup script for the Oracle Instance, Listener, and
# Web Interface
export ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/app
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=ORCL
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
ORA_OWNR="oracle"
# if the executables do not exist -- display error
if [ ! -f $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart -o ! -d $ORACLE_HOME ]
then
echo "Oracle startup: cannot start"
exit 1
fi
# depending on parameter -- startup, shutdown, restart
# of the instance and listener or usage display
case "$1" in
start)
# Oracle listener and instance startup
su $ORA_OWNR -lc $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart
echo "Oracle Start Succesful!OK."
;;
stop)
# Oracle listener and instance shutdown
su $ORA_OWNR -lc $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut
echo "Oracle Stop Succesful!OK."
;;
reload|restart)
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: `basename $0` {start|stop|reload|reload}"
exit 1
esac
exit 0

保存退出

  1. 检查一下脚本能否正确执行
cd /etc/rc.d/init.d  
./oracle start  
./oracle stop
  1. 加入自动启动行列
    执行如下命令:
chmod 750 /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle
ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc2.d/S61oracle
ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc3.d/S61oracle
ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc4.d/S61oracle
ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc0.d/K61oracle
ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc6.d/K61oracle
chkconfig –level 234 oracle on
chkconfig –add oracle

 参考:

  1. https://www.jianshu.com/p/3f5f33ad8707
  2. http://hechuangqiang.iteye.com/blog/2233538
  3. https://blog.csdn.net/eakom/article/details/79792198